Jürgen Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action.

Jürgen Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action suggests that social interactions are fundamentally based on communication and understanding. It contrasts with Marxist views that prioritize economic structures. Habermas argues that in a democratic society, rational discourse among individuals fosters mutual understanding and social cooperation. He emphasizes the importance of “ideal speech situations,” where participants engage freely and equally, allowing for genuine consensus. This approach critiques power imbalances in communication, advocating for a more democratic and just society by emphasizing dialogue over domination, aligning with broader Critical Theory goals of social emancipation and transformation.