Itinerant magnetism

Itinerant magnetism refers to a type of magnetic behavior in materials where the magnetic moments are not fixed to specific atoms but are instead shared or spread out across many atoms, typically in metals like iron or nickel. In this case, the electrons responsible for magnetism are free to move throughout the material, creating a collective magnetic order. Unlike localized magnetism, where individual atoms hold fixed magnetic moments, itinerant magnetism arises from the collective motion of electrons, leading to magnetic properties that depend on the overall behavior of the electron cloud within the material.