Italian Wars of Independence

The Italian Wars of Independence were a series of military campaigns between 1848 and 1870 aimed at unifying Italy by ending foreign rule—primarily Austrian dominance in northern Italy—and establishing independent Italian nation-states. Led by figures like Garibaldi and Cavour, these conflicts involved various wars and diplomatic efforts involving France, Prussia, and Austria. Over time, these struggles gradually liberated different regions, culminating in the unification of Italy in 1861, with Rome and Venetia added later. The wars reflected Italy's fight to consolidate its territories into a single, independent nation.