Italian University System

The Italian university system consists of public and private institutions offering undergraduate (laurea), master's, and doctoral programs. Admission typically requires completing high school and passing a national entrance test, depending on the program. Universities are funded by the government and private sources, and they focus on research and academic excellence. Degree durations vary: approximately three years for a laurea, two more for specialization, and longer for doctorates. The system emphasizes both traditional arts and sciences, with increasing international collaboration. Graduates earn degrees recognized within Italy and across Europe under the Bologna Process, promoting standardization and mobility.