Italian States

The Italian States were a collection of separate political entities on the Italian Peninsula, each governed independently, such as kingdoms, duchies, and city-states. During the Renaissance and onward, these states varied in size, power, and culture, including notable entities like Venice, Florence, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. They often engaged in alliances and conflicts, and their fragmented nature made unification challenging until the 19th century, when movements like the Risorgimento led to the creation of modern Italy. This mosaic of regions reflects Italy's rich history of diverse political, social, and artistic development before unification.