Italian History

Italy's history is marked by its rich ancient civilizations, notably the Roman Empire, which shaped law, architecture, and governance. After Rome's fall, the peninsula fragmented into city-states, kingdoms, and foreign dominations like Byzantines and Normans. During the Renaissance (14th-17th centuries), Italy thrived culturally, producing art, science, and innovation. The 19th century saw unification under leaders like Garibaldi, forming the modern Italian state in 1861. The 20th century included both Fascist rule and WWII upheavals, followed by economic growth, becoming a founding member of the European Union. Italy's history reflects a blend of innovation, conflict, and cultural legacy.