Isotropic Antenna

An isotropic antenna is a theoretical, ideal antenna that radiates radio waves equally in all directions, creating a perfect sphere of coverage. It serves as a standard reference in antenna theory, helping engineers compare the performance of actual antennas. In reality, such an antenna doesn't exist because all real antennas have directional patterns—some send signals more strongly in certain directions. However, understanding an isotropic antenna helps in designing and analyzing real antennas by providing a baseline for how focused or broad their signal distribution is.