Isotope Separation

Isotope separation is the process of distinguishing between different isotopes of an element, which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. In nuclear fission, certain isotopes, like uranium-235, are more likely to sustain a chain reaction than others, like uranium-238. By separating these isotopes, we can enrich uranium to produce fuel for nuclear reactors or atomic bombs. Methods for separation include gas diffusion, centrifugation, and laser techniques. This process is critical in ensuring that the right isotopes are available for efficient energy production or for applications in nuclear weapons.