isotope geology

Isotope geology uses the differences in atomic forms, called isotopes, of elements in rocks and minerals to study Earth's history. Because isotopes change over time at known rates or during specific processes, scientists can determine the age of rocks, track volcanic activity, or understand geological events. This approach helps reveal the timing and conditions of Earth's formation, mineral formation, and geological transformations. In essence, isotope geology is like using natural "clocks" embedded in geological materials to unravel Earth's past processes with precise timing.