isotherms

Isotherms are lines on a graph that connect points of equal temperature across a substance or area. In thermodynamics, they help visualize how properties like pressure and volume change at constant temperature. For example, on a pressure-volume diagram, an isotherm shows how a gas’s pressure and volume relate when the temperature stays the same. These lines are useful in understanding processes such as compression or expansion, highlighting how energy and state variables interact without temperature fluctuating. Overall, isotherms are a key tool in analyzing thermal systems and understanding how temperature influences other properties.