ironworking techniques

Ironworking techniques involve shaping and strengthening iron through processes like forging, where heated metal is hammered to form desirable shapes, and casting, where molten iron is poured into molds to create specific objects. Repeating heating and hammering (called annealing) helps refine the metal's structure, making it more durable. Techniques such as grinding and filing finish the item, smoothing rough edges. Blacksmiths also use tools like anvils and tongs to manipulate the iron. Overall, these methods transform raw iron into functional tools, weapons, or art, combining heat, force, and skill to achieve precise designs and strong, reliable finished products.