iron and steel production

Iron and steel production begins with extracting iron ore from the earth, which is then processed in a blast furnace. In this furnace, the ore is heated with coke (a form of coal) and limestone, which helps remove impurities. The result is molten iron, known as pig iron. To make steel, the pig iron is further refined by removing excess carbon and adding alloying elements like manganese or chromium. This process enhances strength and resistance to corrosion, producing various types of steel used in construction, manufacturing, and transportation. Overall, this industry is vital for infrastructure and modern technology.