Irish Confederate Wars

The Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1653) were a series of conflicts in Ireland involving Irish Catholic rebels, English Royalists, and Parliamentarians. They began with a rebellion by Irish Catholics against English and Protestant control, seeking greater religious and political freedom. The wars saw shifting alliances, with Irish forces fighting to preserve their rights and land, while external powers like England and Scotland intervened. The conflict culminated in the Cromwellian conquest, leading to severe repression, land confiscations from Catholics, and significant demographic and religious changes in Ireland.