Iran Nuclear Deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, JCPOA)

The Iran Nuclear Deal, officially known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), is an agreement reached in 2015 between Iran and world powers (U.S., UK, France, Germany, Russia, China, plus the EU) to limit Iran’s nuclear program. Iran agreed to reduce uranium stockpiles, restrict enrichment levels, and allow international inspections, in exchange for relief from economic sanctions. The goal was to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons while allowing peaceful nuclear activity. In 2018, the U.S. withdrew from the deal, leading to renewed tensions, though other signatories continue negotiations to restore the agreement.