ionospheric plasma

Ionospheric plasma is a layer of charged particles—electrons and ions—that exists high above the Earth's surface, roughly between 60 and 1,000 kilometers up. This region forms when solar radiation strips electrons from atmospheric gases, creating a natural plasma. The ionosphere plays a key role in radio communication by reflecting radio waves, enabling long-distance transmission. Its density and behavior vary with time of day, solar activity, and geographic location, impacting navigation systems and satellite operations. Understanding ionospheric plasma is important for predicting communication and navigation system performance, especially during space weather events.