ionospheric layers

The ionosphere is a part of Earth's upper atmosphere divided into layers based on how they ionize (gain or lose electrons) when exposed to sunlight. The main layers are the D, E, and F layers. During the day, these layers reflect and modify radio waves, helping with long-distance communication. The D layer is the lowest and weakly reflects radio signals; it fades at night. The E layer is above it, aiding in radio signal reflection. The F layer, highest and most ionized during the day, splits into F1 and F2 at times, playing a key role in global radio transmission and satellite signals.