Ionisation

Ionisation is the process where an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, creating an electric charge. When energy, such as heat, light, or radiation, interacts with an atom, it can provide enough energy to remove an electron (positive ion) or add an electron (negative ion). This change in electron number transforms the atom's electrical properties, making it capable of conducting electricity or reacting differently. Ionisation is fundamental in many natural and technological processes, including how our bodies respond to radiation, how batteries work, and how plasma and gases behave under energetic conditions.