ion-selective electrodes

Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are sensors designed to measure specific ions, such as sodium, potassium, or calcium, in liquids like blood or water. They work by having a special membrane that responds to the presence and concentration of a particular ion, generating an electrical signal proportional to that concentration. This allows for quick and accurate analysis of ion levels in a sample, which is important for medical testing, environmental monitoring, and industrial processes. Essentially, ISEs are precise tools that translate ionic activity into measurable electrical signals.