intracellular signaling pathways

Intracellular signaling pathways are communication systems within cells that help them respond to external signals, such as hormones or nutrients. When a signal reaches a cell, it triggers a series of chemical reactions inside, like passing a message through a relay team. These reactions activate specific proteins or genes, leading to changes in the cell's behavior—such as growth, movement, or energy production. This process ensures cells react appropriately to their environment, maintaining health and function. In essence, intracellular signaling pathways are the cell's way of translating external signals into precise actions.