interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome

Interstitial cystitis, also called painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic condition causing ongoing bladder pain, pressure, or discomfort. It may also lead to a frequent need to urinate, even if the bladder isn't full. The exact cause isn't well understood, but it's believed to involve a combination of bladder lining issues, nerve sensitivity, and immune responses. Symptoms can vary and may flare up periodically. Although it can be challenging to manage, treatments focus on relieving pain and reducing symptoms through medications, bladder therapies, diet adjustments, and stress management.