International arbitral tribunals

International arbitral tribunals are panels of independent experts that resolve disputes between parties from different countries, often related to business, investment, or trade. Instead of going to court, the parties agree to submit their disagreement to these tribunals for a decision. The process is usually private, flexible, and governed by agreed-upon rules, ensuring a neutral and efficient resolution. Their rulings, known as awards, are generally binding and enforceable across borders, helping to facilitate international commerce and uphold contractual obligations while avoiding the complexities of national courts.