Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS)

The Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) is a powerful rocket component used mainly to help spacecraft reach their proper orbits after launch. It uses cryogenic (very cold) propellants, like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, to provide precise boosters in space. For example, in NASA's Artemis missions, ICPS delivers astronauts and equipment from the rocket's initial launch phase into a higher, stable orbit on their way to the Moon. It functions as a temporary but essential stage, ensuring spacecraft have the necessary velocity and position for their journey.