Interactive Proof Systems

Interactive proof systems are a way to verify that a statement or problem's solution is correct through a dialogue between a prover and a verifier. The prover tries to convince the verifier of the truth, while the verifier asks questions to ensure the proof is genuine. If the statement is true, the prover can convince the verifier with high confidence; if false, they cannot. This process ensures reliable verification without the verifier needing to compute the entire solution themselves. Such systems are fundamental in cryptography and complexity theory, enabling secure and efficient validation of complex computations.