Interaction Equivalency Theorem

The Interaction Equivalency Theorem states that learning can be equally effective through different types of interactions: with content (learning from materials), with others (collaborating or discussing), or with an instructor (guidance and feedback). Essentially, as long as learners engage meaningfully with any one of these, they can achieve deep understanding. For example, asking questions with a teacher, working through problems with peers, or studying alone—all can lead to effective learning, so the focus is on the quality of engagement rather than a specific interaction method.