integrated oil and gas

Integrated oil and gas companies are those that oversee the entire energy production process, from locating and extracting crude oil and natural gas to refining them into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, and finally distributing these products to consumers. They operate across multiple stages of the supply chain, which allows for better efficiency and control over costs and quality. By managing both upstream activities (exploration and production) and downstream activities (refining and marketing), integrated companies can optimize profits and respond more flexibly to market changes. Examples include major firms like ExxonMobil and Shell.