Integral proteins

Integral proteins are a type of protein embedded directly within the cell membrane, spanning across it. They act as essential gateways, communication channels, or anchors, allowing substances like nutrients, ions, and signals to enter or exit the cell. Their position within the membrane enables them to interact with both the cell's interior and exterior environments, playing critical roles in cell functions such as transport, signaling, and maintaining structural stability. These proteins are integral, meaning they are permanently attached to the membrane and cannot be easily removed without damaging the membrane structure.