Integer Linear Programming

Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is a mathematical technique used to find the best way to allocate resources or make decisions when options are limited to whole numbers. It involves setting up a problem with a clear objective—like maximizing profit or minimizing cost—subject to specific constraints, such as capacity or availability limits. The "linear" part means relationships are straight-line formulas, and "integer" indicates solutions must be whole numbers, not fractions. ILP is widely used in areas like logistics, scheduling, and production planning to determine optimal solutions where discrete choices are essential.