Insulating materials

Insulating materials are substances used to reduce the transfer of heat, sound, or electricity between objects or spaces. They help keep environments warm or cool, dampen noise, and protect electrical currents. Common examples include foam, fiberglass, wool, and rubber. These materials work by trapping air or resisting flow, which slows down energy transfer. Insulation is essential in buildings to improve energy efficiency, in clothing to keep warmth in, and in electrical systems for safety. Effective insulation depends on the material's ability to resist conduction, convection, and radiation.