instrument flight rules

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) are a set of procedures pilots use when flying aircraft primarily relying on instruments for navigation and control, typically in bad weather or low visibility conditions. Unlike Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which depend on sight and weather conditions, IFR ensures safe navigation using tools like radar, GPS, and onboard instruments. Pilots follow specific air traffic control instructions and navigation references, allowing their aircraft to operate safely in controlled airspace even when pilots cannot see outside. IFR enables pilots to fly securely through clouds, fog, or heavy rain, maintaining safety and coordination with other aircraft.