Instantaneous frequency

Instantaneous frequency refers to the specific rate at which a signal oscillates at any given moment, like how many wave cycles pass a fixed point per second at that exact time. Unlike a constant frequency, instantaneous frequency can change over time, providing a detailed view of how the signal’s pitch or tone varies. It’s a useful concept in analyzing complex signals such as speech, music, or biological signals, helping us understand rapid changes in their underlying patterns and characteristics in real-time.