INS

Inertial Navigation System (INS) is a technology that determines an object’s position, velocity, and orientation using only internal sensors, without relying on external signals like GPS. It employs accelerometers and gyroscopes to track movements from a known starting point, calculating current location by measuring changes in speed and direction. INS is highly valuable in environments where external signals are unavailable or unreliable, such as submarines, aircraft, or spacecraft. While it can drift over time due to measurement errors, combining INS with other navigation methods can enhance accuracy.