Information Gain

Information Gain measures how much knowledge we gain by splitting data based on a particular feature. Imagine sorting a mixed collection of fruits; choosing to split by color (red or green) helps identify certain types more easily. The more this split reduces uncertainty or randomness about the data’s classification, the higher the information gain. Essentially, it quantifies how well a feature helps distinguish between different groups, guiding us to select the most informative features for making accurate predictions or decisions.