Indus Valley Urban Centers

The Indus Valley Urban Centers were advanced ancient cities built around 2500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Notable for their well-planned layouts, these cities featured grid-like streets, sophisticated drainage systems, and standardized baked brick buildings. Major sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro demonstrate early urban planning, with organized residential, public, and commercial areas. They were centers of trade, culture, and governance, reflecting a highly developed civilization that prioritized cleanliness, social organization, and technological innovation. These cities showcase one of the world's earliest examples of urban sophistication and civic planning.