Indus Valley civilizations sites

The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's earliest urban societies, was located in present-day Pakistan and northwest India around 3300–1300 BCE. Key sites include Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which featured advanced城市 planning, grid-like streets, sophisticated drainage systems, and large granaries. These cities were centers for trade, crafts, and administration, showcasing early examples of complex social organization. Artifacts like seals, pottery, and tools reveal their skilled craftsmanship and commerce. The civilization's decline remains a mystery, but its archaeological sites provide vital insights into early urban development and cultural achievements in South Asia.