indirect reciprocity theory

Indirect reciprocity is a social mechanism where individuals help others based on their reputation, rather than direct exchanges. If someone is known to be helpful and kind, others are more likely to assist them in the future, even if they haven't directly benefited yet. This encourages cooperative behavior because maintaining a good reputation fosters social trust and support within a community. Essentially, people "pay it forward" based on what others say or perceive about someone’s character, promoting overall cooperation and social harmony.