India ink preparation

India ink is prepared by mixing fine carbon black pigment with water and a binder, usually gum arabic, to create a smooth, opaque ink. The carbon black provides deep black pigmentation, while the gum arabic helps the pigment evenly disperse and adhere to surfaces. The mixture is stirred thoroughly to ensure uniformity, then filtered to remove any larger particles. The final product is a dense, versatile ink used in art, calligraphy, and technical drawing for its rich black color and permanence. Proper preparation ensures consistent flow and intensity for precise and durable markings.