Independency

Independency refers to a situation where two events or variables do not influence or affect each other. In other words, knowing the outcome of one provides no information about the other. For example, flipping a coin and rolling a die are independent events because the result of the coin flip doesn't change the chances of the die roll. In statistics, independence is important because it simplifies analysis by allowing us to treat variables separately, assuming their likelihoods are unaffected by each other's outcomes.