in vitro models

In vitro models are laboratory systems that allow scientists to study biological processes outside of a living organism, typically in controlled environments like petri dishes or test tubes. They use cells, tissues, or biological molecules to mimic how things work inside the body. These models help researchers understand diseases, test new drugs, and observe biological responses safely and ethically, without needing to work directly in humans or animals. In vitro studies are essential for initial research, providing valuable insights before moving to more complex, real-life studies.