in vitro

"In vitro" is a Latin term meaning "in glass." It refers to experiments or processes conducted outside a living organism, typically in a laboratory setting using test tubes, petri dishes, or similar containers. Researchers use in vitro methods to study biological processes, test drugs, or observe how cells and tissues behave without the complexities of a whole organism. This approach allows for controlled conditions, making it easier to understand specific biological interactions while avoiding ethical or practical issues associated with in vivo (inside the body) studies.