In-space propulsion systems

In-space propulsion systems are technologies that enable spacecraft to move and adjust their position in space. They work by expelling mass—such as gases or ions—to produce a force that pushes the spacecraft in the opposite direction, based on Newton's Third Law. Common types include chemical rockets, which provide powerful thrust for launching and quick maneuvers; and electric or ion thrusters, which use electricity to generate continuous, efficient thrust for long-duration missions. These systems are essential for satellite station-keeping, deep-space exploration, and maneuvering beyond Earth’s atmosphere, allowing spacecraft to travel, orbit, or land precisely where needed.