Immune Response to Central Nervous System Infections

The immune response to infections in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) involves specialized cells and processes designed to identify and eliminate pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or fungi. When an infection occurs, immune cells detect the invading microbes and produce signals that activate other immune defenses. Because the central nervous system is protected by the blood-brain barrier, immune responses are carefully regulated to prevent damage to the sensitive tissue. This coordinated effort aims to contain the infection, remove the pathogens, and minimize harm, although sometimes this response can lead to inflammation and symptoms like swelling or pain.