IFRS 9 (Financial Instruments)

IFRS 9 is an international accounting standard that governs how companies recognize, measure, and report their financial instruments, such as loans, investments, and derivatives. It aims to improve transparency by requiring entities to classify financial assets based on how they are managed and measured, recognize impairment losses early through an expected credit loss model, and account for hedge relationships more accurately. Overall, IFRS 9 provides clearer, more consistent guidelines to better reflect the true financial position and risks of an organization.