Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Althusser)

Ideology, in Althusser's view, is a system of beliefs that shapes how individuals see the world and their place in society. Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) are institutions like schools, media, religion, and family that transmit and reinforce these beliefs, helping to maintain the existing social order. Unlike repressive tools like laws or police, ISAs operate subtly through cultural and social practices, influencing people's ideas and behaviors so they accept their social roles without coercion. Together, ideology and ISAs help reproduce the conditions necessary for the functioning of society.