idealism vs realism

Idealism and realism are two perspectives on how the world operates and how we should understand it. Idealism emphasizes that reality is shaped by ideas, thoughts, or consciousness—meaning that our perceptions or beliefs influence what is real. It often suggests that the mind or spirit is primary. Realism, on the other hand, holds that an objective reality exists independently of our perceptions or beliefs. It emphasizes observing and understanding the world as it truly is, outside of subjective influences. In essence, idealism focuses on the importance of ideas, while realism emphasizes the existence of an external, independent reality.