I.33 (Zettel)

I.33, also known as the Zettel or "Fencing," is the oldest known manual on martial arts, dating from the 14th century. It systematically describes sword-fighting techniques, focusing on guard positions, attacks, defenses, and timing. The work is written as a series of instructions for medieval swordsmen to improve their skill and strategy. Its importance lies in establishing fundamental principles of fencing that influence later technique and combat training. Essentially, I.33 provides a foundational understanding of medieval swordsmanship, blending practical combat advice with a structured approach to offense and defense that still informs martial arts today.