hypothesis testing procedure

Hypothesis testing is a method used to determine if a statement about a group is likely true based on sample data. First, you start with a hypothesis (an assumption), often about a mean or proportion. Then, you collect data and perform a statistical test to see if the evidence supports or contradicts your hypothesis. You calculate a p-value, which indicates the probability of observing the data if the hypothesis were true. If this p-value is lower than a predetermined threshold (like 0.05), you reject the hypothesis; if not, you fail to reject it, meaning there isn’t enough evidence to support a change.