Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a complex system that helps regulate stress responses, mood, and various bodily functions. It involves three key parts: the hypothalamus (a brain region), the pituitary gland (a small gland underneath the brain), and the adrenal glands (located on top of the kidneys). When you're stressed, the hypothalamus releases signals that prompt the pituitary to produce hormones, which then stimulate the adrenal glands to release cortisol, a hormone that helps manage stress. This axis plays a crucial role in how our body reacts to challenges and maintains overall balance.