Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

The hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) is a nerve that controls the movement of your tongue. It originates in the brainstem and extends to muscles inside the tongue, enabling you to speak, swallow, and move your tongue in various directions. Proper function of this nerve is essential for clear speech and effective swallowing. Damage to the hypoglossal nerve can cause weakness, paralysis, or difficulty moving the tongue, affecting speech and swallowing abilities. It plays a critical role in coordinating tongue movements necessary for everyday activities like eating and talking.