hypersonic flow

Hypersonic flow refers to the behavior of air or other gases when an object moves through it at extremely high speeds, typically above Mach 5 (five times the speed of sound). At these speeds, the air behaves very differently than at lower speeds, creating intense heat, shock waves, and complex airflow patterns around the object. This is important in designing spacecraft, missiles, and new high-speed aircraft, as it affects heat management, structural integrity, and aerodynamic performance. Understanding hypersonic flow helps engineers develop vehicles that can safely travel at these extraordinary velocities.