Hymes’ SPEAKING framework

Hymes’ SPEAKING framework is a tool for analyzing how people communicate in different contexts. It breaks down communication into seven parts: Setting (where and when), Participants (who’s involved), Endings (goals), Acts (what is said or done), Key (tone or seriousness), Instrument (the language or tools used), Norms (social rules), and Genre (type of interaction, like speech or conversation). By considering these elements, it helps us understand how language varies depending on the situation, social roles, and purposes, illuminating the complexity of effective communication.